Example Topics Article 1: Energy metabolism and allometry. Article to be selected by the course instructor. Article 2: Respiration in extreme conditions; any non-human animal (e.g., hypoxia, hypercapnia, diving mammals, high elevation animals, etc.) Article 3: Any aspect of the circulatory physiology (vessels, heart, hemodynamics, etc.) of a non-mammalian animal Article 4: Any aspect of the physiology relating to osmotic or ionic regulation in an aquatic invertebrate Article 5: Temperature physiology in extreme conditions (i.e., responses to extreme cold or heat); any animal Article 6: Any article discussing feeding methods or digestion of "unusual/hard to digest" foods (e.g., wood, hydrothermal vent animals, foods with low nutrient quality/quantity, hard to obtain food, etc.) Article 7: Any aspect of the physiology relating to the endocrine or exocrine system (e.g., hormone or receptor function) in an invertebrate