Section I: Thermodynamics and Plant Cells

Biology 34: Organismal Physiology

Plant Physiology

1. Membranes: Membranes are composed of a phospholipid bilayer with suspended proteins.

2. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes: Prokaryotes are those organisms that do not have a nucleous. The term prokaryotic can be broken down into "pro" which means "before", and "karyon" which means kernal or nucleus. Not only do prokaryotes not have a nucleus, but they also do not have membrane bound organelles within the cytoplasm. However, Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes have ribosomes. Eukaryotes, on the other hand, do have membrane bound organells.

3. Cell Walls: Cell walls are one of the defining components of the plant cell. The cell wall supports the plant cell with the help of the vacuole. Animals do not have cell walls - How are animal cells supported?

4. Eukaryote Protoplasts: The eukaryote protoplast can be divided into three components: the cytoplasm, the nucleous, and the vacuole.

5. Cytoplasms and Cytoplasmic Components: a. Plasma Membrane or Plasmalemma of euaryoteic and prokaryotic cells are very similar. Both regulate the flow of siddolved substnces in and out of the cell.
: b. Endomembrane System plays a major rote in the production of cytopasmic organelle, the deposition of materials, and the biosytnesis and atransport of material destined to be secreated out of the cell. The following are the components of the endomembrane system.
Endoplasmic reticulum: Nuclear envelop: Vacuolar membrane or tonoplast: Goligi apparatus: Microbodies: Oleosomes and prtoein bodies:

6. Vacuole: Role in Turgidity and Shape Role in Staroage and Accumulation Role as Lysosomes Role in Homeostasis Role in Metabolism Origin of Vacuoles

Section II: Biochemistry and Plants