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Study Questions:
1. What is the adaptive signifiacnce of evolving jaws?
2. Describe two ways that bony fishes are more efficient swimmers than sharks and rays.
3. How do "lobe-finned" fishes differ from other bony fishes?
4. What was the probable adaptive benefit to colonizing land as adults for amphibians? What was the major challenge?
5. Describe three adaptations that "reptiles" have which allowed them to exploit terrestrial environments with greater success than amphibians.
6. Why did reptiles dominate during the Permian and Mesozoic?
7. What group of reptiles evolved into mammals?
8. What are two major evolutionary innovations of mammals, and their advantages?
9. What are the three types of mammals and how do they differ?
10. What group of reptiles evolved into birds?
11. How do birds handle the additional metabolic demands of flight?
12. How can the small amount of genetic change in humans explain the dramatic differences in morphology and behavior? What evidence supports this hypothesis?
13. Place the following species in their correct temporal sequence: Ardepithecus ramidus, Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus africanus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens.