BIO 111: FOUNDATIONS OF BIOLOGY

LECTURE 12: "Modifications to Mendelian Heredity"

 

 

Assumed Knowledge:

none

MORE Study Questions for Chapter 14:

Study Questions:

1) Explain how a continuously variable trait could be governed by genes.

2) What is an epistatic interaction? Give an example.

3) How can genes interact to affect a single phenotypic trait? Give an example.

4) Describe how the position of a gene can affect its effect.

5) How can the environment influence the expression of a trait?

6) How can the environment influence the VALUE of a trait?  Relate this to Darwin's idea of the diverge of populations in different environments.

7) Why are most lethal alleles recessive? Answer with respect to the effects of selection on a dominant, deleterious gene.

8) As such, how can a dominant lethal allele be maintained in a population?

9)  A typical problem on the next exam:

10) Consider this cross:

                                        AaBbCc    x    AaBbCC

                     - assume independent assortment of the three genes
                     - There is incomplete dominance at the A locus  (meaning A is incompletely dominant to a).
                     - There is complete dominance at the B locus.
                     - There is overdominance at the C locus.

How many genotypes are possible in the offspring?

How many phenotypes are possible in the offspring?

11.  Conduct the following cross:   Aa   x   Aa

Determine the genotypic and phenotypic ratios if there is:

 - complete dominance
 - Incomplete dominance
 - Codominance
 - Overdominance

12.  Provide a cellular explanation for overdominance.

13.  A typical problem on the next exam:

14. Consider this cross:

                                        AaBbCc    x    AaBbCC

                     - assume independent assortment of the three genes
                     - There is incomplete dominance at the A locus  (meaning A is incompletely dominant to a).
                     - There is complete dominance at the B locus.
                     - There is overdominance at the C locus.

How many genotypes are possible in the offspring?

How many phenotypes are possible in the offspring?

15. Diagram a cell, 2n=4, as it goes through Meiosis.

16. Explain how recombination creates an extraordinary amount of variation.

17. Explain how the movement of chromosomes in Meiosis I provides a mechanistic description of how Mendel's two principles work.