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Study Questions:
1. What are "tracheophytes"?
2. When did they evolve?
3. When did Club mosses dominate?
4. draw the life cycle of a fern. Label sporophyte, gametophyte, spores, gametes, and the ploidy levels of each. Also show where mitosis and meiosis occur.
5. What is the adaptive significance of seeds?
6. What is the adaptive significance of pollen?
7. Why did gymnosperms dominate in the Permian and Mesozoic?
8. Draw the life cycle of a pine tree, being sure to include the microspore and megaspore pathways.
9. What are the benefits of flowers and fruits?
10. Draw the life cycle of an angiosperm, showing double fertilization and its products.