BIO 111: FOUNDATIONS OF BIOLOGY

LECTURE 13: "Sex Determination and Linkage"

 

 

Assumed Knowledge:

none

MORE Study Questions for Chapter 14 and 15:

Study Questions:

5) How can the environment influence the expression of a trait?

6) How can the environment influence the VALUE of a trait?  Relate this to Darwin's idea of the divergence of populations in different environments.

7) Why are most lethal alleles recessive? Answer with respect to the effects of selection on a dominant, deleterious gene.

8) As such, how can a dominant lethal allele be maintained in a population?

9) How does the particular type of sex determination in turtles, by temperature, maximize reproductive success in
a harem-forming species?

10) Explain why females are often larger than males, even in species in which individuals change sex.

11) Consider this cross:   AaXBY    x  AaXBXb

 - How many types of gametes can the male make with respect to these loci?  (answer: 4)

 - How many phenotypes are possible in the progeny (Assume IA and complete dominance for both loci).

      Answer:              2 at "A",  3 at "B" (B females, B males, and b males) = 6.

 - What fraction of male offspring will express the Ab phenotype?  3/4 A   x   1/2 b.  (only 1/2 the SONS) = 3/8

12) Why is sexual reproduction adaptive?

13) Why are multiple sexes adavantageous in populations with low rates of dispersal?

14) How might a multi-sex system have evolved into a two-sex system as a consequence of cytoplasmic wars?