Study Questions - species
Readings - chapter 13
1) What are two errors that can be made with the morphological species concept?
2) Define the biological species concept. What are the shortcomings?
3) What are ring species complexes and why are they so interesting in terms of the relationship between within and between species variation?
4) What elements are critical in an evolutionary/phylogenetic species concept?
5) How does genetic distance correlate with pre- and post-zygotic patterns of reproductive isolation in Drosophila, and what variables were used?
6) What is genetic 'barcoding'? What is a shortcoming of this methodology?
7) How has geographic isolation led to speciation in Hawaiian Drosophila? Why haven't we seen the same thing in North American and Eurasian elk?
8) Provide an example of temporal isolation.
9) Provide an example of behavioral isolation.
10) Why are insects so prone to speciation by mechanical isolation?
11) How can egg and sperm from different species be prevented from fertilization?
12) There are a range of effects (patterns) that hybrids can express that would reduvce the likelihood of exchange between parental populations. List these effects.
13) Describe the genetic mechanisms that migh be responsible for these effects.
14) How can we explain the extraordinary "parallel speciation" that has occurred in species of pistol shrimp in the Caribbean and Pacific?
15) Distinguish parapatric and allopatric speciation.
16) How can sympatric speciation occur? Provide an example.